أحسن تلخيص لدروس Grammar

1 Grammar The paste past perfect simple and continuous The paste past perfect simple The paste perfect continuous Form subject had past participle the main Verb Use to talk about two actions in the past one happening before the other Example when the police arrived the thief had already escaped Form subject hah verb ing Use it is mostly used to refer to an action in the past which continued until another took place Example he had been driving fast before the tire exploded The passive voice We use the passive voice when what happened is more important than who does it The object of active sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice We form the passive voice with the auxiliary verb Be always in the same tense as the verb in the active voice And the past participle of main verb followed by-phrase the agent when we know who or what performed the action Examples Jane ate the apple The apple was eaten by Jane Passive constructions To say what people in general feel or believe we use the following constructions Example It is believed thoughtsaid that ghosts exist Or Ghosts are believed thought said to exist The future perfect Form Subject will have the participle the main verb Use For actions that will be completed by a certain time in the future Examples - By 2023 Qatar will have organized the world cup of football - Hopefully in ten years time most of todays baccalaureate students will have secured good jobs Phrasal verbs A A phrasal verb consists of a verb and a particle a preposition or an adverb the meaning of the verb alone is not the same as the meaning of the verb the particle B The meaning of some phrasal verbs is easy to understand as they are literal But the meaning of an idiomatic phrasal verbs is to be guessed from the context Some of them are separable which means that we put a noun or pronoun between the verb and the particle but most of them are inseparable The verb should be conjugated according to the specified tense and in agreement with the subject Verb particle Hand lock drop cut ask log fill come In Hand lock find check log carry let knock figure watch come ask try Out Break give eat speak build cheer hurry call hold go get wake bring set keep make speed check show stay Up Calm cool settle turn go break cut get take Down Conditional type III If clause lf subject past perfect had the past participle of the verb Main clause subject wouldcouldshould have the past participle of the verb

2 NB You can start with either the main or the if clause just remember to add a comma if you put the if clause first Examples -lf she had waken up early she wouldnt have missed her train she wouldnt have missed her train if she had waken up early We can also express regret using Subject wishwished If only subject past perfect Examples If only l had worked harder lf only l had worked harder l wish l had been more careful Relative clauses A relative clause is part of a sentence that describes the person or thing we are talking about using a relative pronoun see the table bellow Human Non-human Subject Who Which Object Whom Which Possessive Whose Time When Place Where NB The relative pronoun should always be close next to the word it identifies Examples I met the girl who won the reading contest The teacher whom you told me about is there They have painted the house which they had just bought The man whose car was stolen is our neighbour Dusk is the time of the day when the sun goes down The house where they live is beautiful Reported speech We use the indirect or reported speech to report what people said in a previous occasion usually by introducing what they have said with reporting verbs in the past tense And when we do certain changes should occur in terms of tenses modals and the adverbial of time and place Direct speech Reported speech Now today yesterday Then that day the previous day Last week The week before Here This these There That those Will may can musthave to shall ought to Would might could had to should ought to Tenses The simple present The simple past The present continuous The past continuous The present perfect The past perfect The simple past The past perfect The past perfect The past perfect The past continuous The past perfect continuous Mr Saiouad Souidi Med V high school TanTan